IHC Immune Status in situ APP: Tumor immunology

The IHC Immune Status in situ APP is ideally suited for immunological investigations due to its capability to measure the distance of single cells from tissue metastructures. In this example this is applied to bladder cancer  Tissue Microarrays (TMA). In this TMA core DAB stained CD3⁺ lymphocytes (brown) are evaluted in the context of their distance from automatically detected tumor regions as well as from large and small lymphocyte clusters.

TMA core with tumor detection and tumor proximity ranges

TMA core with lymphocyte cluster detection and lymphocyte cluster proximity ranges

Lymphocytes (CD3⁺, purple contour) within tumor proximity

Lymphocytes (CD3⁺, purple contour) within lymphocyte cluster proximity

Sample courtesy of Dr. Kathleen Williamson, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast